Saturday, August 25, 2007
Friday, August 17, 2007
Animal Cell
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER): network of membranous sacs and tubes; actuve in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions.
Nucleus:
nuclear envelope: double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
Nucleolus: nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli.
Chromation: material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.
Plasma membrane: membrane enclosing the cell
Ribosomes: nonmembranous organelles (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus: organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell production
Lysosome: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Mitochondrion: organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Peroxisome: organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide
Microvilli: projections that increase the cell's surface area
Cytoskeleton: reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein. Cytoskeleton consisting of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubles.
Centrosome: region where the cell's microtubles are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of cetrioles (function unknown)
Flagellum: locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane enclosed microtubles
Nucleus:
nuclear envelope: double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
Nucleolus: nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli.
Chromation: material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell.
Plasma membrane: membrane enclosing the cell
Ribosomes: nonmembranous organelles (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus: organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell production
Lysosome: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Mitochondrion: organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Peroxisome: organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide
Microvilli: projections that increase the cell's surface area
Cytoskeleton: reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein. Cytoskeleton consisting of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubles.
Centrosome: region where the cell's microtubles are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of cetrioles (function unknown)
Flagellum: locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane enclosed microtubles
Plant Cell
Nucleus: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
Central vacuole: prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storag, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
Tonoplast: membrane enclosing the central vacuole
Cytoskeleton: microfilaments, microtubles, intermediate filaments.
Chloroplast: photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
Plasmodesmata: channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
Wall of adjacent cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell wall: outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein
Golgi apparatus
Centrosome: region where the cell's microtubles are initiated; lacks centrioles in plant cells
Central vacuole: prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storag, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
Tonoplast: membrane enclosing the central vacuole
Cytoskeleton: microfilaments, microtubles, intermediate filaments.
Chloroplast: photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
Plasmodesmata: channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
Wall of adjacent cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell wall: outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein
Golgi apparatus
Centrosome: region where the cell's microtubles are initiated; lacks centrioles in plant cells
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